“Something will have gone out of us as a people if we ever let the remaining wilderness be destroyed.” — Wallace Stegner
The goal of the Wilderness Act, now celebrating its 60th birthday, was to set aside a small proportion of public land in America from human intrusion. Some places, the founders said, deserved to be free from motorized, mechanized and other intrusions to protect wildlife and wild lands.
But now, a handful of mountain bikers have partnered with a senator from Utah to gut the Wilderness Act.
This June, the Sustainable Trails Coalition, a mountain biking organization, cheered as Utah Republican Sen. Mike Lee introduced a bill to amend the Wilderness Act and allow mountain bikes, strollers and game carts on every piece of land protected by the National Wilderness Preservation System. Stopping these intrusions would take each local wilderness manager undertaking a cumbersome process to say “no.”
The U.S. Congress passed the Wilderness Act and President Lyndon B. Johnson signed it into law on Sept. 3, 1964, to “preserve the wilderness character” of 54 wilderness areas totaling 9.1 million acres. Today, this effort has become a true conservation success story.
The National Wilderness Preservation System now protects more than 800 wilderness areas totaling more than 111 million acres in 44 states and Puerto Rico, making it America’s most critical law for preserving wild places, and the genetic diversity of thousands of plant and animal species. Yet, designated wilderness is only 2.7% of the Lower 48, and still just about 5%, if Alaska is included.
The protections of the Wilderness Act include a ban on logging, mining, roads, buildings, structures and installations, mechanized and motorized equipment and more. Its authors sought to secure for the American people ‘an enduring resource of wilderness“ to protect places not manipulated by modern society, where the ecological and evolutionary forces of nature could continue to play out mostly unimpeded.
Grandfathered in, however, were some grazing allotments, while mining claims were also allowed to be patented until 1983. Many private mining claims still exist inside designated wildernesses.
Lee’s bill is premised on the false claim that the Wilderness Act never banned bikes, and that supposedly, the U.S. Forest Service changed its regulations in 1984 to ban bikes. But bicycles, an obvious kind of mechanized equipment, have always been prohibited in wilderness by the plain language of the law. (“There shall be no other form of mechanical transport.”)
The Forest Service merely clarified its regulations on this point in 1984 as mountain bikes gained popularity.
Must we get everything we want in the outdoors? Rather than weakening the protections that the Wilderness Act provides, we could try to reinvigorate a spirit of humility toward wilderness. We could practice restraint, understanding that designated wildernesses have deep values beyond our human uses of them.
Meanwhile, in response to growing demand for mountain biking trails, the Bureau of Land Management invites more than a million mountain bikers each year to ride its thousands of miles of trails. And the U.S. Forest Service already has a staggering 130,000 miles of motorized and nonmotorized trails available to mountain bikers.
Do mountain bikers and others pushing for access really need to domesticate wilderness, too?
Let’s cherish our wilderness heritage, whole and intact. We owe it to the farseeing founders of the Wilderness Act, and we owe it to future generations.
Kevin Proescholdt contributes to Writers on the Range, writersontherange.org, an independent nonprofit spurring lively conversation about the West.
