WASHINGTON (AP) — Judging by his past speeches to Congress, President Donald Trump once felt the need to ask lawmakers to pass his agenda. Not so much anymore.
Trump, who is addressing Congress on Tuesday night, has asserted his authority to reshape the federal government without needing to consult the legislative branch. That’s a break from his previous remarks to Congress in which he specifically sought lawmakers' backing on many of the actions he's now taking unilaterally.
On his own, Trump has signed orders to levy punishing taxes on imports, deport immigrants in the country illegally, fire hundreds of thousands of federal workers and freeze congressionally approved spending. There are limits to that approach as he will still need lawmakers' help to extend his 2017 tax cuts.
But the speeches delivered during Trump’s first term show his evolution as a leader. His hopeful rhetoric in 2017 gave way to a 2020 State of the Union address in which Democrats were socialists. The event that defined the United States that year — the coronavirus pandemic — received only a brief mention by Trump.
‘The torch of truth, liberty and justice’
Going into his 2017 speech, Trump had already shocked the public with his decidedly bleak “American carnage” inaugural address. But for his address to Congress, Trump was more optimistic.
He started with a celebration of civil rights as February is Black History Month, an event the president at the time saw as creating a moral obligation for the country.
“Each American generation passes the torch of truth, liberty and justice in an unbroken chain,” Trump said. “That torch is now in our hands. And we will use it to light up the world. I am here tonight to deliver a message of unity and strength, and it is a message deeply delivered from my heart.”
This year, Trump goes into his speech after launching a wholesale effort to eliminate any diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives in the government, corporations and schools.
In his 2017 address, Trump laid out a seemingly bold set of promises to stop crime, secure the southern border, cut taxes and restore manufacturing as the engine of the U.S. economy. It was still a moment when the president himself was trying to navigate a Washington in which he was an outsider and stranger.
In his remarks, he suggested that tariffs would help iconic American companies such as Harley-Davidson, the motorcycle manufacturer. It was both an expression of his core belief in tariffs and a sign to critics that import taxes might not be the cure-all that Trump claimed.
When Trump spoke in 2017, stock in Harley-Davidson sold for more than $55 a share. The price fell jaggedly after his remarks and bottomed out during the 2020 pandemic. Since the start of 2025 with Trump’s return, the motorcycle maker’s share price has fallen further to $26.
‘Our new American moment’
In his 2018 State of the Union, Trump was coming off a big legislative victory with his Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
Signed in December 2017, it permanently lowered the corporate tax rate to 21% and included a series of individual income tax cuts set to expire after 2025. Republicans stressed the breadth of the $2 trillion in tax cuts, while Democrats noted how they were tilted toward the wealthy.
“This is our new American moment,” Trump promised. “There has never been a better time to start living the American Dream.”
The president noted that employers had paid roughly 3 million workers “tax cut bonuses” and that median family incomes would increase by $4,000 ( which they more than did in 2019, only to fall with the pandemic and the spike in inflation during President Joe Biden's first two years in office).
Trump also noted that “Apple has just announced it plans to invest a total of $350 billion in America, and hire another 20,000 workers.” If that claim sounds familiar, it’s because over the past few days, the White House has highlighted Apple’s plans to invest $500 billion over the next four years, even though the company had already planned to increase its domestic manufacturing.
Trump also asked Congress to give the executive branch the power “to remove federal employees who undermine the public trust or fail the American people.” The president sought more than $1 trillion in infrastructure investments (which Biden ultimately provided with a bipartisan law ) as well as an immigration bill that would lock down the border but give “a path to citizenship for 1.8 million illegal immigrants who were brought here by their parents at a young age.”
‘Greatness or gridlock’
By Trump’s 2019 State of the Union, Democrats had recaptured the House majority after a midterms shellacking of the Republicans. The president adjusted his rhetoric and called for bipartisan partnership.
“We must choose between greatness or gridlock, results or resistance, vision or vengeance, incredible progress or pointless destruction,” he said. “Tonight, I ask you to choose greatness.”
But embedded in that message was also a request that Democrats not investigate the actions of his administration. He suggested without evidence that inquiries into his taxes, conflicts of interest and other matters could undermine economic growth.
“An economic miracle is taking place in the United States — and the only thing that can stop it are foolish wars, politics, or ridiculous partisan investigations,” Trump said.
The president again pushed for harsher measures to stop illegal immigration and asked Congress to give him the authority to impose “reciprocal” tariffs, such that the import taxes charged by the United States would match those of other countries.
By December of 2019, the House had impeached Trump for withholding congressionally approved military aid to Ukraine unless that country’s leadership investigated Biden’s family.
‘A socialist takeover’
Having avoided conviction for his first impeachment, Trump took on a decidedly partisan tone in his 2020 State of the Union address as he sought reelection. He bashed the “radical left” and said that Democratic cities were harboring unauthorized immigrants who were violent criminals.
The start of Trump’s speech was an unabashed highlight reel of the economy’s strength, with him taking sole credit for gains that had technically begun under President Barack Obama and continued through early 2020. The president told the country that Democrats wanted to take away their health insurance in “a socialist takeover.”
“To those watching at home tonight, I want you to know: We will never let socialism destroy American health care,” Trump said.
In the text of his early February speech, Trump still portrayed the coronavirus pandemic as a problem for China, against which he would safeguard the United States. He ignored economic data showing a loss of momentum in the U.S. manufacturing sector. There was no mention of the national debt or deficits.
“The best is yet to come,” Trump promised.
Then-House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., tore up her copy of the speech afterward. About six weeks after Trump's speech, the country would be in a lockdown as millions of people were laid off due to the pandemic and the government borrowed trillions of dollars to stabilize an ailing economy.
